• Novo Nordisk average gross margin for 2023 was 84.34%, a 0.6% increase from 2022.
• Novo Nordisk average gross margin for 2022 was 83.84%, a 0.93% increase from 2021.
• Novo Nordisk average gross margin for 2021 was 83.07%, a 0.66% increase from 2020.

Gross margin can be defined as a company's total sales revenue minus its cost of goods sold, divided by the total sales revenue, expressed as a percentage.