• Novartis AG average return on investment for 2023 was 13.17, a 41.41% increase from 2022.
• Novartis AG average return on investment for 2022 was 22.48, a 42.55% decline from 2021.
• Novartis AG average return on investment for 2021 was 15.77, a 38.94% increase from 2020.

Roi - return on investment can be defined as an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its assets invested by shareholders and long-term bond holders. Calculated by dividing a company's operating earnings by its long-term debt and shareholders equity.